# Nursing Note

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- [Download GNM Karnataka Question Paper 2025-26: KNC Annual Exam PDF for 1st, 2nd, 3rd Year](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-karnataka-question-paper-2025/): Are you a GNM nursing student in Karnataka searching for the GNM Karnataka Question Paper 2025? You have come to the perfect place. In this article, you’ll find everything you need to excel, including the GNM Karnataka Question Paper 2025 for effective study preparation. Additionally, refer to the GNM Karnataka Question Paper 2025 to familiarise yourself with the exam format and frequently asked questions. Make sure to download the GNM Karnataka Question Paper 2025 for your reference as you prepare for your exams. Preparing for your annual exams, which are officially managed by the Karnataka State Diploma in Nursing Examination Board ... Read more
- [Third Year GNM Suggestion 2025 PDF Download: Boost Your Scores with Suggestion & Expert Tips](https://www.nursingnote.in/third-year-gnm-suggestion-2025-pdf-download/): Are you a Third Year GNM (General Nursing and Midwifery) student looking for the latest exam suggestions and study materials for 2025? With exams approaching, having the right resources can make all the difference in your preparation. In this blog post, we’ll provide you with exclusive Third Year GNM suggestions for 2025, along with a direct PDF download link to help you study effectively. Third Year GNM Suggestion 2025 PDF Download Third Year GNM Suggestion 2025 PDF Download: Ace Your Exams with Expert Tips As Third Year GNM (General Nursing and Midwifery) students approach their 2025 exams, strategic preparation becomes critical ... Read more
- [Second Year GNM Suggestion 2025 PDF Download: Boost Your Scores with Suggestion & Expert Tips](https://www.nursingnote.in/second-year-gnm-suggestion-2025-pdf-download/): Feeling stressed about your Second Year GNM exams in 2025? Don’t worry! This post is here to help. We’ve put together a list of the most important topics and questions you need to study for subjects like Nursing Fundamentals, Pharmacology, and Medical-Surgical Nursing. No confusing advice—just clear tips and a free PDF download with all the key suggestions. Save time, focus on what really matters, and walk into your exams feeling ready. Click below to get your free guide and start preparing today! Second Year GNM Suggestion 2025 PDF Download Third Year GNM Suggestion 2025 PDF Download: Ace Your Exams with ... Read more
- [First Year GNM Suggestion 2025 PDF Download: Download Exam Suggestions & Pass Confidently!](https://www.nursingnote.in/first-year-gnm-suggestion-2025-pdf-download/): Starting your First Year GNM course in 2025 and unsure where to begin? Don’t worry—we’ve got you covered! The first year introduces you to foundational topics like Anatomy, Physiology, Nutrition, and Basics of Nursing, which can feel overwhelming for new students. This post simplifies your exam prep with a clear list of the most important topics, frequently asked questions, and a FREE downloadable PDF guide designed for the 2025 syllabus. Whether you’re struggling with body systems, nursing ethics, or community health basics, these suggestions will help you focus on what matters, study efficiently, and build confidence. Ready to ace your first ... Read more
- [📝 Karnataka State GNM Supplementary Exam July 2025 – Download KSDNEB Question Papers (PDF)](https://www.nursingnote.in/karnataka-state-gnm-supplementary-exam-july-2025/): Karnataka State GNM Supplementary Exam July 2025 Introduction: The Karnataka State Diploma in Nursing Examination Board (KSDNEB) has officially released the revised timetable for the Karnataka State GNM Supplementary Exam July 2025. This supplementary exam is meant for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-year GNM nursing students who need to reappear in failed subjects. According to the official circular issued on 15th July 2025, the exams will be held from 22nd July to 26th July 2025, followed by practical examinations from 28th July to 4th August 2025. The detailed subject-wise timetable is given below for easy access and future reference. Read More: GNM ... Read more
- [🔴 AIIMS NORCET 10 Exam Date 2026 RELEASED: Syllabus & Application Guide](https://www.nursingnote.in/norcet-10-2026/): AIIMS NORCET 10 Exam Date 2026: Step-by-Step Application Guide for Nurses The aiims nursing exam date 2026 has been officially announced, with the Stage-I examination scheduled for April 11, 2026, and results to be declared on April 16, 2026 . This significant recruitment opportunity for nursing professionals comes with a clearly defined timeline that requires early preparation and thorough understanding of the application process. Additionally, the NORCET 10 exam date includes a Stage-II examination on April 30, 2026, with results to be announced on May 11, 2026 . If you’re among the qualified candidates with B.Sc. Nursing, GNM, or M.Sc. Nursing ... Read more
- [Global Otoscopes Market: Emerging Trends and Opportunities](https://www.nursingnote.in/global-otoscopes-market-emerging-trends/): In the present ongoing years, the market for otoscopes, a central part of the medical devices sector, has facedtremendous change and fluctuation, with this diagnostic device primarily usedto examine the ear canal and eardrum, being crucial in deciding an array ofear-related health conditions. With the growing occurrence of ear infections,hearing loss, and other aural illnesses, accompanied by progress in technology,the worldwide otoscope market is on the edge of added development. In this article, we will examine the developingtrends, prospects, and future outlook for the worldwide otoscope market, important key expansions and understandingsfrom market leaders like Pristine Market Insights. Understanding Otoscope: An ... Read more
- [Boost Your GNM Exam Success: Download KSDNEB Previous Year Question Papers (2022) Now! - Nursing Note](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-annual-exam-question-paper-november-2022/): KNC GNM Question Paper GNM Exam Question Paper 2022 (KNC) – Nursing Note Preparing for your General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) exams in Bangalore? If you’re not practicing with previous year question papers, you’re missing out on a goldmine of insights! Those Are same Important for ANM GNM. If you are preparing for west bengal joint entrance examinations board you can practice first year questions. Why Previous Year Question Papers Are a Game-Changer for GNM Students The Karnataka State Diploma in Nursing Examination Board (KSDNEB) conducts these exams annually, and solving past papers helps you: Here’s your ultimate guide to accessing the 2022 GNM question papers for ... Read more
- [[PDF Download] GNM Annual Exam Question Paper 2025 (KNC) - Free](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-annual-exam-question-paper-december-2024/): GNM Annual Exam Question Papers December 2024 (All Years) Searching for the latest GNM Annual Exam Question Paper December 2024? You’ve come to the right place! We provide the official PDF downloads for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-year papers, as issued by the Karnataka State Diploma in Nursing Examination Board (KSDNEB/KNC). Use these original question papers to confidently prepare for your upcoming exams and secure top scores. GNM (General Nursing and Midwifery) is a 3-year diploma course offered by the Indian Nursing Council (INC) and approved by the State Nursing Board. The Annual Exam of 3rd Year was held in December ... Read more
- [GNM Previous Year Question Paper of Community Health Nursing 1 Short Question and Answer for GNM 1st Year](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-previous-year-question-paper-of-community-health-nursing-1/): Community Health Nursing 1 Previous Year Short Question with Answer Fill in the blanks: 1. Every year World Health Day is celebrated on ➡ April 7th 2. Hospital acquired infection is ➡ Nosocomial infection 3. The first referral unit is ➡ Community Health Centre (CHC) 4. Under five clinic is also known as ➡ Well Baby Clinic 5. The natural source of Vitamin D is ➡ Sunlight 6. Dengue fever is caused by the bite of ➡ Aedes aegypti mosquito 7. Goitre is caused by the deficiency of ➡ Iodine 8. Radio talk is an example of ➡ One-way communication 9. ... Read more
- [GNM Previous Year Question Paper of Fundamentals Of Nursing Short Question and Answer for GNM 1st Year](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-previous-year-question-paper-of-fundamentals-of-nursing/): Fundamentals Of Nursing Previous Year Short Question with Answer Fill in the blanks: 1. Lack of oxygen in the tissue is ➡ Hypoxia 2. Inflammation of the oral mucus membrane ➡ Stomatitis 3. Gas in the gastrointestinal tract is ➡ Flatulence 4. Agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms are ➡ Antiseptics 5. Instrument that is used to measure blood pressure is ➡ Sphygmomanometer 6. Air cushion is used to prevent ➡ Bedsores 7. Bleeding from the nose is termed as ➡ Epistaxis 8. Loss of appetite is termed as ➡ Anorexia 9. Introduction of medicine or fluids into the vein ... Read more
- [GNM Annual Exam Question Paper May 2023 (KNC)](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-annual-exam-question-paper-may-2023/): GNM Annual Exam Question Paper 2023 PDF Download GNM Annual Exam Question Paper of 2023 in PDF here. It is a nursing PYQ of Karnataka Nursing Council (KNC). Quickly You can download the Question Paper by the downlink, all subjects pdf from are available here. These are the 2023 gnm question Which is important for your Anual Exam. You can Download GNM question paper 2023 pdf and practice. GNM (General Nursing and Midwifery) is a 3-year based diploma course offered by INC (Indian Nursing Council) and approved by the State Nursing Board. Examination Details FULL MARKS: 75 TIME: 3 Hours DATE: MAY 2023 Read More: GNM Supplementary Exam ... Read more
- [Breech Presentation: Definition,Type, Etiology and Mechanism for 3rd Year GNM A Complete Note](https://www.nursingnote.in/breech-presentation/): Definition of Breech Presentation: Breech presentation is a fetal position during childbirth where the baby’s buttocks, feet, or both are positioned to emerge first, instead of the head. In breech presentation, the lie is longitudinal and the podalic pole presents at the pelvic brim. It is the most common malpresentation. Breech Presentations Types of Breech Presentation There are two varieties of breech presentation:   Complete Incomplete 1. Complete Breech (Flexed Breech): In a complete breech, the fetus maintains the normal attitude of full flexion. Position: Thighs are flexed at the hips, and legs are flexed at the knees. Presenting Part: Two ... Read more
- [Unlock Your Path to a Medical Career in the USA with Shreeji International Medical Careers and Parul University](https://www.nursingnote.in/medical-career-with-shreeji-international-medical-careers/): Unlock Your Future of Medical Career in USA Medicine with Shreeji International Medical Careers and Parul University Are you a NEET-qualified student with aspirations of becoming a medical professional in the USA? This opportunity, launching for the first time in India, is designed for ambitious students aiming for a medical career with global reach and rewards. Shreeji International Medical Careers, in partnership with Parul University, Vadodara, is excited to introduce an exclusive BS-MD Residency Program. This program paves the way for students to start their medical education in India and complete their training in the USA at an affordable cost. Program Overview ... Read more
- [GNM Previous Year Question Paper of Behavioral Sciences (Psychology & Sociology) Short Question and Answer for GNM 1st Year](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-previous-year-question-paper-of-psychology-and-sociology/): Behavioral Sciences (Psychology & Sociology) Previous Year Short Question with Answer Fill in the blanks: 1. ‘Psyche’ means __________ and ‘logos’ means➡ Soul or mind2. Habits are the form of ________ behavior➡ Learned3. Father of psychology is _________ ➡ Wilhelm Wundt4. False perception with external stimuli is _______➡ Illusion5. In patriarchal family _________ is the head of the family. ➡ Father6. Scientific study of human population is_________ ➡ Demography7. Gathering of unorganized people is called as__________➡ Crowd8. The Father of Psychology is _________ ➡ Wilhelm Wundt9. __________ is a sensory experience in the absence of stimulus leading to false perception. ➡ ... Read more
- [GNM Supplementary Exam Question Paper August- 2024](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-supplementary-exam-question-paper-august-2024/): GNM Supplementary Exam Question Paper August- 2024 GNM (General Nursing and Midwifery) is a 3 year based diploma course offered by INC (Indian Nursing Council) and approved by the State Nursing Board. Karnataka board ksdneb gnm result 2023 previous year announced soon after exam. After that Karnataka Nursing Council conducted their supplementary exam of GNM at 30-07-2024 TO 03-08-2024. all the question papers are below with download you can download and prepare for next exam. 🔥 Trending #1 📥 50K+ Downloads 📚✨🎯 GNM 1st Year Supplementary Papers Are Here! 🎉 Previous Year Questions with Answers • Karnataka Board • PDF Download • ... Read more
- [Swaasa: Get Your Medical Job Now!](https://www.nursingnote.in/swaasa-get-your-medical-job-now/): www.swaasa.com Swaasa: India’s Largest Healthcare Community (toc) #title=(Table of Content) Introduction Swaasa, the best medical employment website in India. In the healthcare sector finding the right job and navigating a successful career can be challenging. Swaasa, India’s largest healthcare community with over 3.5 million (35 lac+) healthcare professionals, is here to make this journey easier and more rewarding. This platform is dedicated to helping healthcare professionals find their ideal job while providing unparalleled career guidance to ensure you excel in your careers. ⚫Visit us at www.swaasa.com www.swaasa.com and discover the opportunities that await you. Type of site Healthcare Professionals Community Founded ... Read more
- [GNM Previous Year Question Paper of Bio Science (Anatomy, Physiology and Microbiology) Short Question and Answer for GNM 1st Year](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-previous-year-question-paper-of-bio-science/):   Bio Science (Anatomy, Physiology and Microbiology) Previous Year Short Question with Answer Fill in the blanks: 1. Life span of RBC is ____________days.➥ 120 Days2. Suprarenal gland is otherwise known as________ .➥ Adrenal Gland3. The bones are connected to bones by_________ .➥ Legaments4. The heart is situated in the________ cavity.➥ Thoracic Cavity5. Which of the following is not an enzyme. ( i) Amylase ii) Pepsin iii) Stomatotropin iv) Trypsin )➥ Stomatotropin 6. Which one of the following is not a part of small intestine. i) Caeccum ii) Duodenum iii) Jejunum iv) Ileum ➥ Caeccum 7. In which part of the ... Read more
- [Factors Affecting Human Growth and Development](https://www.nursingnote.in/factors-affecting-human-growth-and-development/): Factors Affecting Human Growth and Development Introduction: Human Growth and Development are very closely related to each other. Growth and Development is a continuous and elderly process. Definition: ➦ Growth: Growth is change in size, in proportion, disappearance of old features and acquisition of new ones. — (Hurlock) ➦Development: Development means a progressive series of changes that occur in an orderly predictable pattern as a result of maturation and experience. — (Hurlock)   Difference of Growth and Development: Aspect Growth Development Definition Increase in size and mass of an organism. Improvement in complexity and functionality. Measurement Quantitative (height, weight, size). Qualitative ... Read more
- [AIIMS NORCET 7 2024 - Exam Date, Eligibility, Application Fee and Apply Online](https://www.nursingnote.in/aiims-norcet-7/):   AIIMS conducts the NORCET Examination every year for Nursing Officer Recruitment Common Eligibility Test. Candidates can apply it from aiimsexams.ac.in using registration details. AIIMS NORCET 7 2024 – Exam Date, Eligibility, Application Fee and Apply Online All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi will conduct the Nursing Officer Recruitment Common Eligibility Test (7) 2024 on 15th September, 2024 (Sunday). AIIMS NORCET 7 Examination Overview The AIIMS NORCET (AIIMS Nursing Officer Recruitment Common Eligibility Test) is an examination conducted by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) for the recruitment of Nursing Officers (Staff Nurses) in various AIIMS ... Read more
- [Definition of Blood. Blood Components and it's Functions](https://www.nursingnote.in/blood/): Blood Definition (What is blood?): Blood is a red colour viscous fluid, found in the cardiovascular system that carries oxygen, nutrition and carbon dioxide to cells throughout your body. A fit normal human have arround 5 liters blood in their body. Color range Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red Oxygen-poor blood is dull red pH must remain between 7.35-7.45 Slightly alkaline Blood temperature is slightly higher than body temperature Components Of Blood: The main components of blood are classified below: Blood is composed of several components that are classified on the above picture, each have their own functions: Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): ... Read more
- [RRB Staff Nurse Vacancy: Indian Railway Recruitment of Nursing Officer Job - Important Dates, Eligibility Criteria, Syllabus, Salary, 1200+ Vacancy](https://www.nursingnote.in/rrb-staff-nurse-vacancy-2024/):   I(caps)ndian Railway officially released a notification about recruitment of Staff Nurses in 2024. All the eligible candidates can apply. Read the article fully updated with all the important dates, exam pattern eligibility criteria etc. Please share the article with your friends. RRB Staff Nurse Vacancy: Indian Railway Recruitment of Nursing Officer Job – Important Dates, Eligibility Criteria, Syllabus, Salary, 1200+ Vacancy RRB Staff Nurse 2024 is published. More than 1200 candidates will be selected for this central government job. Aspiring candidates who possess qualifications in GNM Nursing, BSc Nursing, and MSc Nursing are invited to apply for these positions within ... Read more
- [Cervical Cancer - 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition,Etiology,Sign & Symptoms,Diagnosis,Treatment & Prevention)](https://www.nursingnote.in/cervical-cancer/): Cervical Cancer 🔎Definition: Cervical cancer is the abnormal cell growth or proliferation cell of any part of the cervix or on the wall of the cervix. 🤔Etiology/Causes: Cancer is an idiopathic disease, it has not any particular or proper causes but most cervical cancer is caused by HPV (Human Papillomavirus) virus. HPV spread through sectual contact, multiple sex partner & unprotedcted sex. ⚠️Risk Factors: Some common risk factors of the cancer of cervix are described bellow: ⇢Age – Old age person above 60 to 70 years are more prone to Cervical Cancer.⇢Chewing Tobacco – Chewing tobacco is a very bad habit that is ... Read more
- [GNM Previous Year Question Paper of Medical Surgical Nursing 1 Short Question and Answer for GNM 2nd Year](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-previous-year-question-paper-of-medical-surgical-nursing-1/): Medical Surgical Nursing 1 Previous Year Short Question with Answer Fill in the blanks: 1. Normal level of potassium in the blood is _____________ ➡3.6 to 5.2 (mmol/L) 2. Presence of protein in the urine is called as ______________ ➡Proteinuria 3. Difficulty in swallowing is called as ________________ ➡Dysphagia 4. Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called as _______________ ➡Ascites 5. __________ is the inflammation of the Gums ➡ Gangivitis 6. Decrease level of potassium in the blood is called as __________ ➡Hypokalemia 7. __________ is Inflammation of the gall bladder ➡Cholecystitis 8. ______________is a sudden temporary loss ... Read more
- [Determinants of Health](https://www.nursingnote.in/determinants-of-health/): Determinants of Health Health is a multi-dimensional phenomenon and many factors combined to influence the health of individuals. The common factors that influence health are: 1. Genetic Inheritance: Genetic factors plays an important role in determining the health of the people. Errors in the genetic make-up leads to many types of diseases and conditions such as mental retardation and error of metabolism. 2. Gender and Age: The age of the individual will influence the health status. Young infants and the elderly are prone to various health related issues. There is a change in physical, social psychological health due to developmental changes. ... Read more
- [Fetal Circulation - Definition, Umbilical Cord and Fetal Circulation Flow Chart](https://www.nursingnote.in/fetal-circulation/):  FETAL CIRCULATION ➦ Definition: Fetal Circulation or Foetal Circulation refers to the unique circulatory system that allows the exchange of gases and nutrients between the developing fetus and the pregnant mother.   Fetal Circulation Diagram     ➦ Umbilical Cord:         ● Umbilical Arteries: Return non-oxygenated blood, Biological waste, and CO₂ from fetal body to placenta.         ● Umbilical Vein: Bring Oxygenated blood and nutrients to the fetus. The umbilical vein carries 80% saturated blood from the placenta. ➦ Shunts:        ● Ductus Venosus: Connects the umbilical vein and inferior vena cava.        ● Ductus Arteriosus: Connects ... Read more
- [[FREE PDF] Karnataka GNM All Year Question Paper 2024 - Official KNC](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-annual-exam-question-paper-2024-knc/): GNM Nursing Question Paper PDF Download 2024 GNM (General Nursing and Midwifery) is a 3 year based diploma course offered by INC (Indian Nursing Council) and approved by the State Nursing Board. Karnataka Nursing Council, state diploma in nursing counsil normally holds the annual nursing examination for GNM in the month of August but due to some reason the exam was delayed and the exam was conducted in the month of January of the next year (2024).Download gnm question paper 2024. Download gnm previous year question paper Karnataka in this site. There are gnm nursing question paper 1st year pdf karnataka 2024 available ... Read more
- [What is Uterine Fibroids? - Types, Clinical Features, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment](https://www.nursingnote.in/uterine-fibroids/): Uterine Fibroids Definition of Fibroid: Fibroid tumors are benign tumors arising in the myometrium which can protrude into the uterine cavity, bulge through the outer layer or grow within the myometrium. Growth of Fibroids 1. Fibroids develop due to proliferation of smooth muscle cells. The tumors usually grow very slowly, about 1 to 2 cm per year. 2. Fibroids are estrogen dependent and thus grow rapidly during pregnancy. They do not occur before menarche and growth cessation occurs after menopause. Types of Fibroids: Alternatively named myomata or leiomyomata, uterine fibroids are the commonest of all pelvic tumors. They are benign fibromuscular ... Read more
- [Destructive Operations - Craniotomy, Evisceration, Decapitation and Cleidotomy](https://www.nursingnote.in/destructive-operations/): Destructive Operations Definition: The destructive operations are designed to diminish the bulk of the fetus so as to facilitate easy delivery through the birth canal. In modern obstetric practice, virtually there is hardly any place for destructive operations. Neglected obstetrics requiring destructive operations are completely preventable. These procedures are difficult and may be dangerous too unless the operator is sufficiently skilled. Unfortunately, one may have to perform such operations while working in the unorganized sector. Some commonly performed operations are discussed here. There are four types of operations: ♦Craniotomy             ♦Evisceration             ♦Decapitation             ♦Cleidotomy CRANIOTOMY ... Read more
- [General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) 3rd Year Suggestion - 2023](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-3rd-year-suggestion/): Suggestion for 3rd Year GNM Final Examination – 2023 Download the best PDF suggestion for GNM (General Nursing and Midwifery) 3rd year examination by Nursing Note with guaranteed common in the final examination.     📌 GNM Course details: Aspect Details Course Name General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) Duration 3.5 years (including internship) Eligibility 10+2 with Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) or Arts with a minimum of 45% aggregate marks. Admission Process Entrance exams or direct admission, depending on the institution Curriculum – Anatomy and Physiology– Fundamentals of Nursing– Medical-Surgical Nursing– Obstetric Nursing– Pediatric Nursing– Community Health Nursing– Psychiatric Nursing, etc. Internship Compulsory internship in hospitals ... Read more
- [Colon Cancer - 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition,Etiology,Sign & Symptoms,Diagnosis,Treatment & Prevention)](https://www.nursingnote.in/colon-cancer-2nd-year-gnm-medical-surgical-nursing/): COLON CANCER 🔎Definition: Abnormal cell growth or cell division in the colon or rectal area. It is also known as colorectal cancer. 🤔Etiology/Cause: 1. Due to abnormal cell growth at the lining of the colon. 2. Due to infection in the colon. 3. Genetic cause or abnormal mutation in DNA. ⚠️Risk Factor: ⇢Sex– Males are more often affected with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females. ⇢Previous family history– Some people with past family history of liver cancer have a increase risk for liver cancer ⇢Genetic cause– Liver cancer happens when liver cells develop changes (mutations) in their DNA of cells. ⇢Age– Old ... Read more
- [GYNAECOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS PDF](https://www.nursingnote.in/gynaecological-instruments/): GYNAECOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS Medical Instruments are important for any medical procedure. Medical Instruments list is very important for GNM, B. Sc Nursing or any other Medical Course. Here are some lists of medical instruments name lists. Those medical instruments are also important for obstetrical procedures. Here is the list of gynaecological instruments and their uses. You can download gynaecological instruments pdf.   LIST OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS: SIM’S DOUBLE BLADED POSTERIOR VAGINAL SPECULUM MULTIPLE TOOTHED VULSELLUM ALLIS TISSUE FORCEPS UTERINE SOUND HEGARS DILATOR HEGARS DILATOR DOYEN’S RETRACTOR SPONGE HOLDING FORCEPS OVUM FORCEPS UTERINE CURETTE KOCHER’S FORCEPS OLHAM’S FORCEPS LONG CURVED OBSTETRICAL FORCEPS WRIGLEY’S ... Read more
- [Placenta - Structure and Function](https://www.nursingnote.in/placenta-structure-and-function/): Placenta The placenta is a membranous part of the fetal body attached with the mother’s uterus that provides mainly Oxygen and nutritional supplements. Shape – Discoid Diameter – 15 to 20 cm Thickness – About 3 cm Surface – Maternal and Fetal What is Placenta? Definition: The placenta is a fetomaternal organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy especially help in transport system between the mother and the fetus. Placenta Fetal surface: The fetal surface is covered by the smooth and glistening amnion with the umbilical cord attached at or near its center. Branches of the umbilical vessels are visible ... Read more
- [Contracted Pelvis: Definition, Causes, Signs, Diagnosis, Complication and Treatment](https://www.nursingnote.in/contracted-pelvis/): CONTRACTED PELVIS What Is Contracted Pelvis? Definition: Anatomical Definition: A contracted pelvis is defined as where essential diameters of one or more planes are shortened by 0.5 cm. Obstetrical Definition: Alteration in size and shape of the pelvis to alter the normal mechanism of labor in an average size baby. Type of Female Pelvis: Gynecoid (50%) Android (20%) Anthropoid (25%) Platypeelloid (5%) Causes of Contracted Pelvis / Risk Factors: ➦ Nutritional Deficiency Nutritional deficiency can increase the risk of a contracted pelvis. Inadequate intake of essential nutrients like calcium, vitamin D, and protein can lead to poor bone development and reduced pelvic growth. This ... Read more
- [Fetal Skull: Sutures of Fetal Skull, Fontanels and Diameter of Fetal Skull](https://www.nursingnote.in/fetal-skull-diameter-and-sutures/): Fetal Skull Introduction: The fetal skull is made of flat bones. Fetal skull is larger than compared to any other part of the fetal body. The fetal skull consists of a vault, face and base. Fetal Skull Areas of Skull:     ❑ Vertex The area midway between the anterior fontanel (bregma), the two parietal bones and upto posterior fontanel (lambda).     ❑ Brow The area from the nose and supra-orbital ridges to the anterior fontanel and coronal suture.     ❑ Face The area from the junction of the floor of the mouth or mentum to the root of the nose and supraorbital ridges.    ... Read more
- [Flat bones: Examples of Flat Bones and Functions of Flat Bones](https://www.nursingnote.in/flat-bones-examples-and-functions/): Flat Bones Introduction: Flat bones are one of the four primary classifications of bones in the human body. The main classification of 4 bones are: Long bones Short bones Irregular bones Flat bones They have a relatively flat, thin shape and are composed of two layers of compact bone tissue with a layer of spongy bone tissue in between. These bones play important roles in the protection, support, and production of blood cells. Structure of Flat Bones: Flat bones are characterised by their flat, plate-like shape. They typically consist of two layers of compact bone tissue on the outer surfaces, which ... Read more
- [Lung Cancer - 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition,Etiology,Sign & Symptoms,Diagnosis,Treatment & Prevention)](https://www.nursingnote.in/lung-cancer-2nd-year-gnm-medical-surgical-nursing/): LUNG CANCER   🔎Definition: An abnormal cell growth that happens in the lung or any part of the lung is known as Lung Cancer. 🤔Etiology/Causes:  The causes of cancer are mostly unknown that is why cancer is called as an idiopathic disease. The most common risk factors of Lung Cancer are described below. ⚠️Risk Factors: 1. Smoking Smoking can be the main cause of any type of cancer. Especially in Lung Cancer smoking releases bad chemicals which can cause cancer. Smoking burns the alveoli of the lungs and damages our lungs totally. 2. Past history of Cancer Patients with any past ... Read more
- [Tocolytic Agents : Anti-contraction Medicine](https://www.nursingnote.in/tocolytic-agents/): Tocolytic Agents ➯Definition of Tocolytic Agents Tocolytic Agents are also called anti-contraction medications or labor suppressants. those agents prevent preterm labor and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions.   ➯Indications of Tocolytic Agents • Generally 24 gestational weeks onward. • Before 37 weeks of gestation. • Spontaneous premature contraction. • No evidence of infection • No life-threatening ➯Contraindications of Tocolytic Agents: • Fetus is older than 34 weeks gestation • Fetus weighs less than 2.5 kg • intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) • placental insufficiency • Chromosomal abnormalities • Cervical dilation is greater than 4 centimetres • Chorioamnionitis – intrauterine infection is present • pregnancy-induced hypertension • Eclampsia ... Read more
- [GNM Previous Year Question Paper of Child Health Nursing Short Question and Answer for GNM 2nd Year](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-previous-year-question-paper-of-child-health-nursing/):  Child Health Nursing Previous Year Short Question with Answer Fill in the blanks: 1. Purulent discharge from the eyes of new bom is known as___________. ➥ Opthalmia neonatorun 2. Baby attain the social smile by the age of_______ months. ➥ Three 3. First permanent tooth will erupt at the age of____________. ➥ Six years 4. According to WHO the normal birth weight of the baby is______________. ➥ 2.7 to3.1 kg  5. Normal Apgar score of a new born is___________. ➥ 8-10 6. Startle relax can be elicitated by_____________. ➥ A sudden loud noise 7. The comfortable position for a four year ... Read more
- [Female Pelvis: True Pelvis and False Pelvis | Landmarks of Female Pelvis | Diameters of Female Pelvis](https://www.nursingnote.in/female-pelvis-landmarks-of-pelvis-and-diameters-of-pelvis/): Female Pelvis: True Pelvis and False Pelvis There are 4 types of pelvis humans have. Female pelvis are Gynecoid pelvis and the male pelvis are Android pelvis. A gynaecoid pelvis is a very good pelvis for females for childbearing and labor. The female pelvis plays a very vital role in pregnancy to give birth of a child. Structure of Female Pelvis: The female pelvis consists of 2 innominate bones, one sacrum and a coccyx. These innominate bones consist of a pair of ilium, a pair of ischium and a pair of the pubis. Landmarks of Female Pelvis: There are 9 landmarks ... Read more
- [GNM Previous Year Question Paper of Mental Health Nursing Short Question and Answer for GNM 2nd Year](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-previous-year-question-paper-of-mental-health-nursing/): Mental Health Nursing Previous Year Short Question with Answer Fill in the blanks: 1. Phenothizine is a drug which controls___________. ➡ Aggression 2. Exaggeration of illness is known as___________. ➡ Hypochondriasis 3. __________means is continuous attacks of fits without regaining consciousness. ➡ Astatus Epilepsy4. __________is the muscle relaxant used in ECT. ➡ Succynylcholine 5. Thought disorder are commonly seen in _________ patients. ➡ Schizophrenia 6. Forceful, physical, hostile, or destructive behavior is called_________. ➡ Violence/ aggression 7. Strong dependence both psychosocial and emotional is called__________. ➡ Abuse 8. Lack of awareness of correct time, place, and person is called__________. ➡ Disorientation ... Read more
- [Write a short note on MTP Act](https://www.nursingnote.in/write-short-note-on-mtp-act/): MTP Act, 1971 ➢Introductions: The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 1971, provides an overview of the legislation governing the termination of pregnancies in India. Enacted in 1971 and amended in 2002, the act aims to ensure safe and legal abortions. ➢Objectives: ➢Legal Abortion: ➢When pregnancy can be terminated? ➢Who can terminate the pregnancy? ➦Experience minimum 3yr who is registered in state medical register➦6 months of house surgeon-ship in gynaecology or experience of working in the department of gynaecology –1yr➦A Practitioner who has assisted RMP in 25 cases of Medical termination of pregnancies, at least 5 of which have been performed ... Read more
- [Psychological Changes in the First Stage of Labor](https://www.nursingnote.in/psychological-changes-in-first-stage-of-labor/): Psychological changes in first stage of labour: The first stage of labor is the longest phase. This phase can take 9 hours for primigravida mothers and 5 hours for multigravida mothers. ✩The Changes are listed below:- 1) Cervical Dilation: The cervix begins to open or dilate to allow the baby’s passage through the canal. This is achieved through uterine contraction. 2) Uterine Contractions: The muscles of the uterus contract and tighten that causing the cervix to dilate. This contraction became more intense as labor progresses. 3) Rupture of the amniotic sac: In the first stage of labor, the amniotic sac surrounding ... Read more
- [Write A Short Note On Partograph](https://www.nursingnote.in/partograph/): PARTOGRAPH   ✯Definition of Partograph:- A partogram or partograph is a composite graphical record of maternal and fetal data on the progress of labour on a single sheet of paper. ✯Inventor of Partograph:- In, 1954 Friedman prepared the cervicography. In 1972 Philpott and Castle developed the first partograph, by utilizing Friedmar’s cervicograph, and adding the relationship of the presenting part to the maternal pelvis.     Sample of Partograph by WHO ✯Components of Partograph:- Patient identification: Patient Name, Gravida Para, Patient ID Number, Date of Admission, Ruptured Membranes. Time: It was recorded at an interval of one hour. Fetal Heart Rate: ... Read more
- [Prostate Cancer- 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition, Etiology, Sign & Symptoms, Stages, Diagnosis, Management, Complication & Prevention)](https://www.nursingnote.in/prostate-cancer-2nd-year-gnm-medical-surgical-nursing/): Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer 🔎Definition: The prostate is a part of the male reproductive system which is present just below the bladder. Prostate Cancer is an abnormal cell division or cell of the prostate gland. 🤔Etiology/Cause: There are not any particular reasons for any type of cancer. It basically happens due to the mutation of DNA in our cells. That is why cancer is called an idiopathic disease. ⚠️Risk Factors: 1. Older age 2. Black skin tone 3. Family history 4. Obesity 5. Low level of Vit. D. 6. Prostatitis: It is inflammation of the prostate gland  7. Elevated blood level ... Read more
- [GNM Previous Year Question Paper of Community Health Nursing - II Short Question and Answer for GNM 3rd Year](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-previous-year-question-paper-of-community-health-nursing-ii/): Community Health Nursing – II Previous Year Short Question With Answer ♧Fill in the blanks: 1. The number of females per 1000 males is called ➡ Sex Ratio 2. An outbreak of disease in a community in excess of normal expectation ➡ Epidemic 3. Anti-malaria month campaign is observed every year in ➡ June 4. The Indian Red Cross Society was established in the year ➡ 1920 5. Under the ICDS scheme, an Anganwadi worker covers a population of ➡ 1000 6. BCG vaccination is administered to protect against ➡ Tuberculosis 7. The administrative head of the district is a ➡ ... Read more
- [Uterine Prolapse - 3rd Year GNM, Midwifery and Gynecological Nursing (Definition, Causes, Stages, Sign and Symptoms, Diagnosis,Treatment and Prevention)](https://www.nursingnote.in/uterine-prolapse-3rd-year-gnm/): UTERINE PROLAPSE 🔎Definition: Uterine prolapse is a condition where the uterus slips from its normal position and pelvic cavity into the vagina. It happens when your tissue or muscle of the uterus becomes weak. Complete uterine prolapse, in which the uterus protrudes through the vaginal hymen is known as procidentia. 🤔Etiology/Cause: ⚠️Risk Factor: 🔴Using tobacco and smoking makes your lung condition bad and due to chronic cough you may leads to uterine prolapse. 𛲢Stages: ⇨First degree: The cervix drops into the vagina. ⇨Second degree: The cervix drops to the level just inside the opening of the vagina. ⇨Third degree: The cervix ... Read more
- [GNM Previous Year Question Paper of Midwifery and Gynecological Nursing Short Question and Answer for GNM 3rd Year](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-previous-year-question-paper-of-midwifery-and-gynecological-nursing/): Midwifery and Gynaecology Nursing Previous Year Short Question With Answer ♧Fill in the blanks: 1. The bony canal through which the fetus pass through during birth is ________ ➡ Vaginal canal 2. The graphical record of cervical dilatation against duration of labor is________ ➡ Partograph 3. The term placenta weighs about_______ ➡ 600g 4. The name given to the lochia between 1 and 4 days is called________ ➡ Lochia Rubra 5. The biparietal diameter measures about_________ ➡ 9.5cm 6. The process of formation of matured ovum in the ovary is___________ ➡ Oogenesis 7. The anterior fontanelle is otherwise known as________ ➡ ... Read more
- [List of Communicable Disease and Their Causative Organism](https://www.nursingnote.in/list-of-communicable-disease-and-their-causative-organism/): ★DISEASE AND CAUSATIVE ORGANISM★ ☆ COMMUNICABLE DISEASE:-   A communicable disease is one that can spread from one person to another through a variety of ways. Example:- By direct contact, By blood or body fluids, By droplets, By bitting by an insect. Disease Name Causative Organism Trachoma Chlamydia Trachomatis Tetanus Clostridium Tetani Leprosy Mycobacterium Leprae Gonorrhoea Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Syphilis Treponema pallidum Yaws Treponema Pallidum AIDS HIV Smallpox Variola Virus Chicken Pox Varicella Zoster Measles Paramyxo Virus Rubella Rubella Virus Mumps Myxovirus paratiditis Influenza Myxovirus Diptheria Corrynebacterium Diptheriae Pertussis Bordetella Pertussis Menigococcal Meningitis Neisseria Meningitidis Common Cold Rhino Virus SARS Corona Virus Tuberculosis ... Read more
- [Cancer of Larynx or Laryngeal Cancer  - 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition,Etiology,Sign & Symptoms,Diagnosis,Treatment & Prevention)](https://www.nursingnote.in/cancer-of-larynx-or-laryngeal-cancer/): CANCER OF LARYNX 🔎Definition: It’s defined as an abnormal or uncontrolled cell growth in any part of the larynx. It is also called Laryngeal Cancer. 🤔Etiology/Causes: There are not any particular reasons for any types of cancer. It basically happens due to the mutation of DNA in our cells. That is why cancer is called an idiopathic disease.                              ⚠️Risk Factors: Some common risk factors of the cancer of Larynx are described bellow: ⇢Age – Old age person above 60 to 70 years are more prone to Laryngeal Cancer. ⇢Chewing Tobacco – Chewing tobacco is a very bad habit that not only ... Read more
- [Liver Cancer - 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition,Etiology,Sign & Symptoms,Diagnosis,Treatment & Prevention)](https://www.nursingnote.in/liver-cancer-2nd-year-gnm-medical-surgical-nursing/): Liver Cancer 🔎Definition: Liver cancer is also known as hepatic cancer, it is the abnormal cell growth or uncontrolled cell growth in liver or any part of liver. Liver Cancer 🤔Etiology/Cause: There is not any exact cause for any type of cancer that is why cancer is called as an idiopathic disease. There are many chances of liver cancer which are described in the following as risk factors. ⚠️Risk Factor: ⇢Chronic infection by Hepatitis – Higher rates of liver cancer occur in those patients who have hepatitis B and C infection. ⇢Sex– Males are more often affected  with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ... Read more
- [GNM Previous Year Question Paper of Medical Surgical Nursing 2 Short Question and Answer for GNM 2nd Year](https://www.nursingnote.in/gnm-previous-year-question-paper-of-medical-surgical-nursing-2/): Medical Surgical Nursing 2 Previous Year Short Question with Answer Fill in the blanks: 1. Inflammation of the skin is termed as __________ ➡ Dermatitis 2. Cancer that arises from glandular tissue is termed as __________ ➡ Adenomas 3. AIDS is a ___________viral disease.  ➡ Retro viral  4. ___________is the cause of amoebic dysentery.  ➡ Entamoeba histolytica  5. Benign tumor of blood vessels is called____________. ➡ Hemangioma 6. Diminished amount of urine output is termed as_______ . ➡ Oliguria 7. Drug of choice in enteric fever is __________ . ➡ Chloramphenicol 8.  is an inflammation of breast________.  ➡ Mastitis 9. Typhoid ... Read more
- [Write a short note about Nationa Health Policy (2002), 3rd Year GNM,Community Health Nursing - II](https://www.nursingnote.in/write-short-note-about-nationa-health/): National Health Policy (2002) ➩Introduction: It was established by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in the year 1983 to attend the goal of “Health for All” the by year 2000.Later, it was revived into National Health Policy in the year 2002. ➩Objectives: ➩Goals: 1) Eradicate polio and yaws (2005)2) Eliminate leprosy (2005)3) Eliminate Kala Ajar (2010)4) Elimination of lymphatic Filariasis (2015)6) Achieve of Zero level growth of HIV/AIDS (2007)7) Reduction of mortality by 50% on account of Tuberculosis, Malaria, Other vector and water borne Diseases (2010)8) Reduce prevalence of blindness to 0.5% (2010)9) Reduce IMR & MMR (2010)10) Increase utilization ... Read more
- [Write A Short Note on Five Year Plans of India](https://www.nursingnote.in/write-short-note-on-five-year-plans-of-india/): Five Year Plan First Five Year Plan (1951-1956): Objectives Second Five Year Plan (1956-1961): Objectives Third Five Year Plan (1961-1966): Objectives Forth Five Year Plan (1969-1978): Objectives Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-1978): Objectives Sixth Five Year Plans (1980-1985): Objectives Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-1990): Objectives Eight Five Year Plan (1992-1997): Objectives Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002): Objectives Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007): Objectives Eleven Five Year Plan (2007-2012): Objectives Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017): Objectives ⇒CONCLUSION With the Planning Commission dissolved, no more formal plans are made for the economy, but Five-Year Defence Plans continue to be made. However, there is ... Read more
- [Postpartum Psychosis - 3rd Year GNM, Midwifery and Gynecological Nursing (Definition, Signs and Symptoms,Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment)](https://www.nursingnote.in/postpartum-psychosis-3rd-year-gnm/):  POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS  ⇒DEFINITION:-  Postpartum Psychosis is an acute mental disorder or a psychotic reaction occurring following childbirth or abortion.  🔴Postnatal psychosis or puerperal psychosis is a psychological emergency.  Postpartum Psychosis ⇒CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:- Hallucinations – sensing falls, visions, smells or sounds which is not really present. Delusions – It is basically a false belief Mood changes such as mania or depression  Depersonalization (some people describe this as an out of body experience)  Disorganized thinking or behaviours Insomnia – It is a sleeping disorder in this you may find yourself very hard to stay asleep Self-harming – Women with this postpartum psychosis have ... Read more
- [Brain Tumor - 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition, Types, Etiology, Sign & Symptoms, Diagnosis,Treatment & Complication)](https://www.nursingnote.in/brain-tumor-2nd-year-gnm-medical/): Brain Tumor Brain tumours are a serious health problem. An untreated brain tumor can become brain cancer in further time. A short note about brain tumors is described below. ➩Definition:- A brain tumor is a collection of abnormal cells in the brain. ➩Picture:- Brain Tumor   ➩TYPE:- Acoustic Neuroma: A non-cancerous tumor on the main nerve leading from the inner ear to the brain. Chordoma: Chordoma is a slow growing cancer of tissue found inside the spine. Craniopharyngioma: Craniopharyngiomas are rare brain tumors that usually form near the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus. Germ cell tumor: Germ cell tumors are growths ... Read more
- [Cancer of Esophagus - 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition,Etiology,Sign & Symptoms,Diagnosis,Treatment & Prevention)](https://www.nursingnote.in/cancer-of-esophagus-2nd-year-gnm/): Cancer of Esophagus ➦ Definition:- It is an abnormal growth of squamous cell present in the lining of the esophagus. Cancer of Esophagus ➦ Risk Factors:- Gender (male) Race (African American) Age (greater risk in fifth decade of life) Geographic locale (much higher incidence in China and northern Iran) Chronic esophageal irritation Use of alcohol and tobacco Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Chronic ingestion of hot liquids or foods nutritional deficiencies poor oral hygiene exposure to nitrosamines(Organic chemical compound) in the environment or food ➦ Clinical Manifestations:- Nausea Vomiting Dysphagia (Difficult or uncomfortable in swallowing) Feeling of a lump in the throat ... Read more
- [Oral Cancer - 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition,Etiology,Sign & Symptoms,Diagnosis,Treatment & Prevention)](https://www.nursingnote.in/oral-cancer-2nd-year-gnm-medical/): Oral Cancer ➦ Definition:- It is the abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth and multiplication of cells in the oral cavity. Oral cancer includes cancer of lips cheek, floor of the mouth, soft palate of the mouth, sinuses and pharynx. Oral Cancer ➦ Causes/Etiology:- 1) Tobacco Smoking 2) Excessive intake of alcohol 3) HPV-Human Papilloma Virus 4) Excessive Exposure in Sunlight 5) Genetic causes ➦ Stages:- Stage I: Tumour make a lump formation in any part of the mouth. Stage II: Cancer cells grow regularly and make bigger in size. Stage III: Cancer spreads nearby organs only. Stage IV: Cancer spread to the ... Read more
- [Cancer - 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition,Types,Diagnosis,Treatment and Prevention)](https://www.nursingnote.in/cancer-2nd-year-gnm-medical-surgical-nursing/): CANCER ➦ Definition:- Cancer is the abnormal cell growth or uncontrolled cell growth in any part of our body.   Proliferation:- is the main characteristic behind tumors and specially malignant ones. Calls growth continuously without being submitted to the local or general controle of the organisms. ➦ Type of Cancer:- Doctors divide cancer into type based on where it begins. Four main type of cancer are: Carcinomas: A carcinomas begins in the skin or the tissue that covers the surface of internal; organs or glands. carcinomas usually form solid tumours. They are most type of cancer. Example of carcinomas include prostate cancer ... Read more

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