Cancer - 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition,Types,Diagnosis,Treatment and Prevention)

CANCER

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➦ Definition:-

Cancer is the abnormal cell growth or uncontrolled cell growth in any part of our body.

Proliferation:-

is the main characteristic behind tumors and specially malignant ones. Calls growth continuously without being submitted to the local or general controle of the organisms.

➦ Type of Cancer:-

Doctors divide cancer into type based on where it begins. Four main type of cancer are:

• Carcinomas: A carcinomas begins in the skin or the tissue that covers the surface of internal; organs or glands. carcinomas usually form solid tumours. They are most type of cancer. Example of carcinomas include prostate cancer breast cancer, lung cancer.
• Sarcomas: A sarcoma begins in the tissues that support and connect the body. A sarcoma can develop in fat, muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, blood vessels, lymph vessels, cartilage, or bone.
• Leukemias: Leukemia is a cancer of the blood. Leukemia begins when healthy blood cells change and grow uncontrollably. 

         The 4 main types of leukemia are:

                A. acute lymphocytic leukemia
                B. chronic lymphocytic leukemia
                C. acute myeloid leukemia
                D. chronic myeloid leukemia.

• Lymphomas: Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and glands that help fight infection. There are 2 main types of lymphomas: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

➦ Diagnosing cancer:-

• History Collection
• Physical Examination
• Imaging Test( X-ray, CT Scan, MRI)
• colonoscopy
• Biopsy
• Mammography
• Pap Smear Test
• Papnicolanu's text
• Stools Or occult blood
• Sigmoidoscopy
• Colonoscopy
• BSE (Breast Self Examination)
• TSE (Testicular Self Examination)
• Skin infection

➦ Treatment:-

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation Therapy
• Hormone Therapy
• Surgical Method
• Stem cell transplant (bone marrow transplant)
• Immunotherapy

➦ Prevention:-

1. Stop smoking
2. Stop Alcoholism
3. Take healthy diet daily
4. Keep away from radiation exposure
5. Do daily exercises
6. Do yoga & Meditation