Cancer of Esophagus - 2nd Year GNM Medical Surgical Nursing II, Oncology Nursing(Definition,Etiology,Sign & Symptoms,Diagnosis,Treatment & Prevention)

Cancer of Esophagus

⇨Definition:- It is an abnormal growth of squamous cell present in the lining of the esophagus.

Cancer of esophagus

Risk Factors:- 

• Gender (male)
• Race (African American)
• Age (greater risk in fifth decade of life)
• Geographic locale (much higher incidence in China and northern Iran)
• Chronic esophageal irritation
• Use of alcohol and tobacco
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
• Chronic ingestion of hot liquids or foods
• nutritional deficiencies poor oral hygiene
• exposure to nitrosamines(Organic chemical compound) in the environment or food

⇨Clinical Manifestations:-

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dysphagia (Difficult or uncomfortable in swallowing)
• Feeling of a lump in the throat and painful swallowing
• Substernal pain or fullness regurgitation of undigested
• food with foul breath and hiccups later
• Hemorrhage
• progressive loss of weight and strength

⇨Diagnostic Evaluation:-

• History Collection
• Physical Examination
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) 
• CT
• PET
• Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS),
• Exploratory laparoscopy
• Biopsy

⇨Management:-

Medical:-

There is no any fixed curative medical management of cancer. Treatment of esophageal cancer is directed toward cure if cancer is in early stage.

Surgical:-

Esophagectomy- Removal of esophagus

Other Therapy:-

Radiation Therapy

Chemotherapy

Nursing Management:-

1) Advice to avoid spicy food

2) Give more fluid for the Humidifier.

3) Provide medications as per doctors order

4) Check temperature, monitor vital signs

5) Check lab result

⇨Prevention:-

• Stop smoking
• Stop Alcohol Taking
• Maintain Proper oral hygiene